Kawakawa
Kawakawa typically grows up to 5-10 meters in height. The leaves are heart-shaped, glossy, and have distinct holes or perforations caused by insect feeding.
What to know before you plant
The essentials — how big it gets, how fast it grows, and where it sits in the forest.
Mature height (m)
Mature spread (m)
Successional stage
Form
Mature DBH (cm)
Description
Kawakawa, also known as Macropiper excelsum, is a small evergreen tree or shrub native to New Zealand. It typically grows up to 5-10 meters in height. The leaves are heart-shaped, glossy, and have distinct holes or perforations caused by insect feeding.
Habitat
Kawakawa is found in various habitats throughout New Zealand, including forests, coastal areas, and wetlands. It prefers moist and shaded environments.
Cultural Importance
Kawakawa has significant cultural importance to Māori. The leaves were traditionally used for medicinal purposes and in ceremonial practices. The plant is also associated with spiritual protection.
Ecological Role
Kawakawa provides habitat and food for native birds and insects. Its leaves are an important food source for the caterpillars of the Kawakawa looper moth. The plant also contributes to the biodiversity and aesthetics of native ecosystems.
Associated Birds
Pipit: Often found foraging for insects near Kawakawa trees.
Spotless Crake: Secretive birds that can occasionally be found near Kawakawa, foraging in the undergrowth.
Fernbird: Inhabit the undergrowth of forests with Kawakawa, feeding on insects and invertebrates.
Rifleman: Tiny green-plumaged birds that might navigate Kawakawa branches in search of insects.
Kākāpō: Although typically ground-dwelling, Kākāpō influence the ecosystem dynamics around Kawakawa trees.
Kiwi: While primarily ground-dwellers, Kiwis play crucial roles in forest ecosystems and could indirectly influence Kawakawa habitats.
Conservation Status
Kawakawa is not currently listed as a threatened species. However, local populations can be affected by habitat loss and browsing by introduced pests.
Interesting Facts
- Kawakawa leaves have a distinct spicy aroma when crushed and are often used in herbal teas and remedies.
- The plant produces small green fruits that are edible for birds.
Conservation Tips
To support the conservation of Kawakawa and other native plants, you can avoid removing mature specimens unless necessary, participate in local habitat restoration projects, and promote the use of native plants in landscaping.
Growing conditions
Moisture
Soil
Drainage
Frost tolerance
Wind tolerance
Coastal tolerance
What this tree gives back
Food for native birds
Fruit, seeds or nectar that feed native birds.
Supports pollinators
Flowers that sustain native bees and insects.
Erosion control
Roots that bind soil and hold slopes together.
Suits riparian planting
Thrives along stream and river margins.
Suits wetland planting
Handles the wet ground of wetland sites.
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